Main Ref. | Connell, S.D., 1998 |
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Remarks | Inhabits inshore silty reefs; there are no records from depths greater than 50 m (Ref. 5222). Also found in coral reefs (Ref. 58534). Feeds on crustaceans, fishes, and worms (Ref. 5222). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Shao, K.-T., C.-P. Lin, L.-T. Ho and P.-L. Lin, 1990 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Connell, S.D., 1998 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.02 | 0.51 | 3.73 | 0.51 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.64 | 0.53 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Connell, S.D., 1998 |