Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 |
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Remarks | Occurs near the surface, mainly coastal, but to over 1000 km from the shore, forming large schools, tending to move northward and inshore (into bays and inlets) in spring and summer, but without well-defined migrations. Feeds on plants and zooplankton (Ref. 5398). Also in Ref. 9137. Young fish feed on zooplankton such as copepod and adults on phytoplankton (Ref. 39882). Employs both filter- and particular-feeding modes on zooplankton (Ref. 42392). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 |
Feeding habit | filtering plankton |
Feeding habit Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.14 | 0.15 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 2.74 | 0.33 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |