| Ref Utama. | Thollot, P., 1996 |
|---|---|
| Keterangan | Occurs in coastal waters, but enters lagoons and estuaries (Ref. 4832). Young and adults feed on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 5213). Probably spawn at sea, but the transparent larvae migrate to inshore areas and are often found in brackish water (Ref. 7050). Are voracious carnivores that take fish, squid and shrimp bait (Ref. 3968). Pelagic. Inhabits coastal waters, lagoons and estuaries. Reportedly forms large adult shoals when breeding. Nocturnal predator. Feeds on small fishes and shrimp (Ref. 9773). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrat | Pelagic; |
|---|---|
| Substrat Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
| Habitat khusus | |
| Habitat khusus Ref. |
| Acuan | |
|---|---|
| Asosiasi | shoaling; |
| Terkait dengan | |
| Pernyataan asosiasi | |
| Parasitisme |
| Jenis makanan | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Jenis makanan Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
| Kebiasaan makan | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Kebiasaan makan Ref. | Smith, M.M., 1986 |
| Estimation method | Sampel asli | Populasi yang tidak ditangkap | Keterangan | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Dari komposisi diet | 3.97 | 0.31 | 3.84 | 0.58 | Troph of adults from 4 studies. |
| Dari masing-masing item makanan | 3.86 | 0.61 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Acuan | Marais, J.F.K., 1984 | ||||