Main Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1990 |
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Remarks | Feeds on algae, benthic mollusks and crustaceans. Inhabits sandy or muddy substrates and seagrass beds (Ref. 127989). Gregarious. Inhabits the upper portion of the continental shelf from the coastline to 100 m depth, but especially from 30 to 50 m (Also Ref. 127989). Occurs on various types of bottom. Sometimes forms sizeable aggregations. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; mud;: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Hureau, J.-C. and T. Monod (eds.), 1979 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1986 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Bauchot, M.-L. and J.-C. Hureau, 1986 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.55 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |