Main Ref. | Morales-Nin, B. and J. Moranta, 1997 |
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Remarks | Inhabits hard bottoms (rock or rubble) down to 200 m depth. Usually found in shallow water less than 50 m deep (Ref. 9987). Adults solitary; young gregarious (Ref. 12482). Young fish caught with traps. Feeds on fish, mollusks and cephalopods. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | FAO EastMed Project, 2013 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Morales-Nin, B. and J. Moranta, 1997 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.53 | 0.41 | 4.34 | 0.63 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Morales-Nin, B. and J. Moranta, 1997 |