Main Ref. | Randall, J.E., J.L. Earle, R.L. Pyle, J.D. Parrish and T. Hayes, 1993 |
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Remarks | Occurs over sand bottom in lagoon. Feeds on fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; |
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Substrate Ref. | State of hawaii, 2020 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., J.L. Earle, R.L. Pyle, J.D. Parrish and T. Hayes, 1993 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., J.L. Earle, R.L. Pyle, J.D. Parrish and T. Hayes, 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.20 | 0.73 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |