Main Ref. | Badcock, J., 1984 |
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Remarks | Protandrous hermaphroditic; lack of a marked seasonality in sexual cycle implying presence of all sexual categories within the population (Ref. 32188). Oceanic, deepwater or mesopelagic; depths inhabited vary with season, latitude, and developmental stage; limits of vertical distribution in western Atlantic at 400-1800 m (mainly 1100 m); no diel migrations (Ref. 5951) |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | Assumption of no aggregating behavior: protandrous hermaphroditic; lack of a marked seasonality in sexual cycle implying presence of all sexual categories within the population (Ref. 32188). Oceanic, deepwater or mesopelagic; depths inhabited vary with season, latitude, and developmental stage; limits of vertical distribution in western Atlantic at 400-1800 m (mainly 1100 m); no diel migrations (Ref. 5951) |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Badcock, J., 1984 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.04 | 0.13 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |