| 主要參考文獻。 | Philippart, J.-C. and J.-C. Ruwet, 1982 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Remains in the inshore zone of Lake Tanganyika and has not colonized the open waters of the lake. Frequency of occurence in Caprivi: frequently in sandy streams, occasionally on rocky streams, abundant in standing deep water, common in shallow swamps, and frequently in shallow flood plains (Ref. 037065). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| 基板 | |
|---|---|
| 基板參考值 | |
| 特殊棲息地 | |
| 特殊棲息地 Ref. | Halwart, M. and M.V. Gupta, 2004 |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| 協會 | |
| 相關聯 | |
| 協會備註 | |
| 寄生 |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
|---|---|
| 供料類型 Ref. | Chifamba, P.C., 1990 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | grazing on aquatic plants |
| 餵飼習慣 Ref. | Chifamba, P.C., 1990 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 2.31 | 0.06 | 2.31 | 0.18 | Troph of adults from 4 studies. |
| 從個別的食物項目 | 2.13 | 0.00 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | Batchelor, G.R., 1978 | ||||