Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
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Remarks | Pelagic, euryhaline, essentially a brackishwater species (tolerating salinities up to 34 o/oo), but with semi-anadromous and pure water forms in rivers and lakes; migratory between winter or autumn feeding and summer spawning grounds. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.00 | 0.00 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
From individual food items | 3.03 | 0.08 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Kogan, A.V., 1975 |