| 主要參考文獻。 | Cochran, P.A., D.M. Lodge, J.R. Hodgson and P.G. Knapik, 1988 |
|---|---|
| 附註 | Inhabits lakes, ponds, bogs, and pools of headwaters and creeks. Usually occurs over silt, often near vegetation. Feeds mainly on algae, but also on zooplankton and aquatic insects (Ref. 1998). Preyed upon by fishes, kingfishers and mergansers (Ref. 1998). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| 基板 | |
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| 基板參考值 | |
| 特殊棲息地 | |
| 特殊棲息地 Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| 協會 | |
| 相關聯 | |
| 協會備註 | |
| 寄生 |
| 攝取食物的類型 | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
|---|---|
| 供料類型 Ref. | Cochran, P.A., D.M. Lodge, J.R. Hodgson and P.G. Knapik, 1988 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | variable |
| 餵飼習慣 Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | 2.51 | 0.11 | 2.46 | 0.14 | Troph of adults from 3 studies. |
| 從個別的食物項目 | 3.05 | 0.34 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | Litvak, M.K. and R.I.C. Hansell, 1990 | ||||