Main Ref. | Smith, M.M., 1986 |
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Remarks | Found in coastal waters from the shoreline to about 240 m depth, associated with reef areas (Ref. 9492) and rocky bottoms (Ref. 5319). Feeds on invertebrates. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | : rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer, 1999 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Bianchi, G., K.E. Carpenter, J.-P. Roux, F.J. Molloy, D. Boyer and H.J. Boyer, 1999 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.50 | 0.37 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. |