| อ้างอิงหลัก | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| ข้อสังเกต | Prefers coral reefs and clear water. In the Gulf of Mexico, it occurs in clear deep reefs (at least 45 m). At Bermuda and the West Indies, the species is common in shallow water, but it usually hides in caves or under ledges during the day. Males are territorial. Feeds on fish and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 33). Carnivore (Ref. 33499, 57616). Maco-carnivore (Ref. 126840). Also cleaned by Thalassoma noronhanum observed at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago off northeastern Brazil (Ref. 36301). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Soft Bottom |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs; Other habitats: deep-water corals; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Simon, T., H.T. Pinheiro, R.L. Moura, A. Carvalho-Filho, L.A. Rocha, A.S. Martins, E. Mazzei, R.B. Francini-Filho, G.M. Amado-Filho and J.-C. Joyeux, 2016 |
| อ้างอิง | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | Cleaned by Pederson's cleaner shrimp (Periclimenes pedersoni), scarlet striped cleaner shrimp (Lysmata grabhami), and goby (Gobiosoma evelynae and others) as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| วิธีการให้อาหาร | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| นิสัยในการกินอาหาร | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Estimation method | ตัวอย่างดั้งเดิม | ประชากรที่ยังไม่มีการทำการประมง | ข้อสังเกต | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| จากส่วนประกอบของอาหาร | 4.05 | 0.44 | 3.93 | 0.62 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| จากรายการอาหารของสัตว์แต่ละชนิด | 4.25 | 0.75 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| อ้างอิง | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||