Main Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 |
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Remarks | Found on continental and insular shelves, mainly over sandy, shell, and coral bottoms. Feeds on small fishes, including pinfish (Sparidae) and porcupine fish. Preyed on by larger sharks. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Compagno, L.J.V., 1984 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Gómez-Canchong, P., L. Manjarrés M., L.O. Duarte and J. Altamar, 2004 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.36 | 0.52 | 4.11 | 0.64 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
From individual food items | 4.50 | 0.80 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Cortés, E., 1999 |