Ecology Summary - Carapus acus

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Main Ref.	Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999
Remarks	Adults typically live as commensals in the gut of shallow-water holothurians, Holothuria tubulosa and Stichopus regalis (although some deep-water records exist - Ref. 6347). Prejuveniles (tenuis larvae) probably inhabit the same host species while the vexillifer and egg-rafts are planktonic. The fish may partly protrude or entirely leave its host at night to feed on small fish and benthic invertebrates.

Main Ref.

Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999

Remarks

Adults typically live as commensals in the gut of shallow-water holothurians, Holothuria tubulosa and Stichopus regalis (although some deep-water records exist - Ref. 6347). Prejuveniles (tenuis larvae) probably inhabit the same host species while the vexillifer and egg-rafts are planktonic. The fish may partly protrude or entirely leave its host at night to feed on small fish and benthic invertebrates.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Carapus acus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999
Associations	solitary; symbiosis;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

Feeding

Feeding type	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999
Feeding habit	feeding on the prey of a host (commensal)
Feeding habit Ref.	Nielsen, J.G., D.M. Cohen, D.F. Markle and C.R. Robins, 1999

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	Original sample		Unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	4.04	0.63			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.

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