| Ref. principal | Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989 |
|---|---|
| Notas | An oceanic and insular species, very much restricted to clear oceanic waters (Ref. 9283). Occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Ref. 7300). Not commonly found in shallow banks (Ref. 9283). Sometimes seen near drop-off at outer edge of reefs (Ref. 26938). Key habitat is off reef slopes in waters deeper than 30 m (Ref. 122680). Forms large schools during feeding (Ref. 9283). Feeds on fishes at night (Ref. 5213). Piscivore (Ref. 57615) |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
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| Substrato | Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | Coral Reefs: reef slope/drop-offs; |
| Habitats especiais Ref. | Dominici-Arosemena, A. and M. Wolff, 2006 |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | schooling; |
| Associado a | Cleaned by hogfish, Bodianus rufus, as observed on the coral reefs in Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles (Ref. 36810). |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Honebrink, R., 1990 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 4.50 | 0.80 | 4.32 | 0.70 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 4.00 | 0.65 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 | ||||