| Κύρια Αναφ. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
|---|---|
| Σχόλια | Prefers offshore reefs (Ref. 9710) and open marine waters (Ref. 26938). Juveniles often found near the shore on seagrass beds or often associated jellyfish or floating Sargassum (Ref. 5217). Feeds on small fishes (Ref. 26235). Piscivore (Ref. 57616). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Soft Bottom: mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Martin, F.D. and J.W. Patus, 1984 |
| Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Cervigón, F., R. Cipriani, W. Fischer, L. Garibaldi, M. Hendrickx, A.J. Lemus, R. Márquez, J.M. Poutiers, G. Robaina and B. Rodriguez, 1992 |
| Αναφ. | Coupal, L., E. Bédard, C. Peguero and I.S. Durante, 1992 |
|---|---|
| Associations | solitary; |
| Associated with | Cleaned by Pomacanthus paru observed at the reefs of the Abrolhos Archipelago, off eastern Brazil (Ref. 40094). |
| Association remarks | Generally solitary but sometimes seen in small groups (Ref. 26235). |
| Parasitism |
| Τροφικός Τύπος | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Τροφική Συνήθεια | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Randall, J.E., 1967 |
| Estimation method | Αρχικό δείγμα | Μη αλιευμένος πληθυσμός | Σχόλιο | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Από σύσταση δίαιτας | 4.48 | 0.21 | 4.43 | 0.76 | Troph of juv./adults from 11 studies. |
| Από ατομικά τροφικά αντικείμενα | 4.50 | 0.80 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Αναφ. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 | ||||