Main Ref. | Sánchez-Velasco, L. and W. Norbis, 1997 |
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Remarks | Found on the shelf or coastal pelagic on various bottoms (sand, mud, rocks and seaweeds). Gregarious, ascending to the surface mainly at night. Omnivorous, feeding mainly on crustaceans, also planktonophagous. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Sánchez-Velasco, L. and W. Norbis, 1997 |
Feeding habit | selective plankton feeding |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.79 | 0.04 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 3.11 | 0.23 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Jukić, S., 1972 |