| Κύρια αναφορά. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
|---|---|
| Σχόλια | Larvae found closer to the coast. Shoaling species. Feeds on small fishes, clupeids, squids and small crustaceans (Ref. 9773). Epipelagic (Also Ref. 9773) in neritic and oceanic waters (Ref. 9340). Feeds on small fish, squids, planktonic crustaceans (megalops), and stomatopod larvae (Ref. 5213). Because of their abundance, they are considered an important element of the food web, particularly as forage for other species of commercial interest. Preyed upon by larger fishes, including other tunas (Ref. 9987). Confined to oceanic salinities with strong schooling behavior. Though larvae have a high temperature tolerance (at least between 21.6 and 30.5°C), the widest among tuna species studied, their optimum temperature is between 27 and 27.9°C. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Υπόστρωμα | Pelagic; |
|---|---|
| Υπόστρωμα Ref. | Al-Abdessalaam, T.Z.S., 1995 |
| Ειδικά ενδιαιτήματα | |
| Ειδικά ενδιαιτήματα Ref. |
| Αναφ. | |
|---|---|
| Ενώσεις | shoaling; |
| Συνδέεται με | |
| Παρατηρήσεις του Συλλόγου | |
| Παρασιτισμός |
| Τροφικός Τύπος | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Τύπος τροφοδοσίας Ref. | Uchida, R.N., 1981 |
| Τροφική Συνήθεια | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Συνήθεια διατροφής Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
| Estimation method | Αρχικό δείγμα | Μη αλιευμένος πληθυσμός | Σχόλιο | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Από σύσταση δίαιτας | 4.37 | 0.38 | 4.19 | 0.60 | Troph of juv./adults from 2 studies. |
| Από ατομικά τροφικά αντικείμενα | 4.32 | 0.72 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Αναφ. | Blaber, S.J.M., D.A. Milton, N.J.F. Rawlinson, G. Tiroba and P.V. Nichols, 1990 | ||||