主な参照 | Griffiths, M.H., 1997 |
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意見 | Adult fish found mainly nearshore beyond the surf zone, occasionally going inshore. Juveniles exclusively found inshore. Juveniles recruit to estuaries (Ref.11025). These fish are solitary, juveniles form loose schools (Ref. 6390). It is believed that larvae develop at sea for several months before moving into the estuaries when about 10 cm long (Ref. 12198). Juveniles and young adults are more commonly found in lower rivers and embayments (Ref. 6390). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. |
参照 | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
供給様式 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Griffiths, M.H., 1997 |
食性 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993 |
Estimation method | 原本のサンプル | Unfished population | 意見 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
餌料組成から | 4.48 | 0.61 | 4.34 | 0.65 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
個々の食物品目から | 4.20 | 0.70 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参照 | Griffiths, M.H., 1997 |