| Ref. principal | Sparholt, H., 1990 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Inhabits offshore waters over soft bottoms, often with boulders, from 25-590 m, but most common from 100-400 m (Ref. 4694). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feeds mainly on echinoderms, but also crustaceans, mollusks, fishes (Ref. 4694) and worms (Ref. 58426). In Barents sea, it reached at least 80 cm, age 9 years. Preyed upon by cod, pollock, and Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus). Parasites of the species include 1 myxosporidian, 1 cestode, 7 trematodes, 1 hirudinean, 1 crustacean and 1 protozoan, Trypanosoma murmanensis (Ref. 5951). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrato | Soft Bottom Hard Bottom; |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | shoaling; |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | Shoaling assumed (with absence of information indicating structured grouping behavior) from large catches near spawning period. Large trawl catches of this species were reported in 1972; such records of large schools are unusual, making these large catches particularly noteworthy as the time of capture was close to the probable spawning season and may have been related to schooling for spawning (Ref. 94882). |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Sparholt, H., 1990 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Sparholt, H., 1990 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | 3.45 | 0.43 | |||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.84 | 0.62 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Munk, P., 2002 | ||||