Main Ref. | Wise, B.S., I.C. Potter and J.H. Wallace, 1994 |
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Remarks | Occurs inshore, in mangrove areas; in lotic and lentic freshwater bodies (Ref. 7300). Lives in coastal marine waters, but also found in estuaries and freshwater sections of rivers (particularly in temperate southern latitudes) (Ref. 44894). Benthic omnivore, juveniles feed on algae and a range of small crustaceans, while older fish prey mainly on polychaetes (Ref. 34016). Diet changes considerably with season and increasing age (Ref. 34016). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
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Special habitats Ref. |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Wise, B.S., I.C. Potter and J.H. Wallace, 1994 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 3.17 | 0.14 | 3.06 | 0.16 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 2.85 | 0.31 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Wise, B.S., I.C. Potter and J.H. Wallace, 1994 |