| Ref. principal | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
|---|---|
| Notas | Euryhaline, entering brackish- and freshwaters, but perhaps not always or not consistently anadromous (Ref. 188), although strongly migratory within rivers (Ref. 10294), mostly in fast-flowing water where they are renowned for leaping (Ref. 188). Juveniles feed on zooplankton, insect larvae and small fishes. Adults on small gizzard and threadfin shad. Spawning occur in the spring, with adults often making long migrations upstream (Ref. 10294). Adults serve as hosts to the larvae (glochidia) of the economically valuable pearly mussel (Fusconaia ebena) of the Mississippi basin. |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrato | |
|---|---|
| Substrato Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Habitats especiais Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associações | |
| Associado a | |
| Observações da associação | |
| Parasitism |
| Tipo de alimentação | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Tipo de alimentação Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| Hábito alimentar | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Hábito alimentar Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
| Estimation method | Amostra original | População virgem (não pescada) | Nota | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Da composição da dieta | |||||
| Dos itens alimentares individuais | 3.89 | 0.63 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||