| 主要参考文献 | Novoselov, A.P., 1987 |
|---|---|
| 附注 | Occurs in shoals near the surface. Feeds mainly on plankton, including crustaceans (Ref. 30578) and insects (Ref. 9696). Excellent as bait for carnivorous fishes. Feeds at the surface in open water and in the coves, while it forages along the bottom in shallower shore zone (Ref. 46637). Feeding intensity high during summer and beginning of autumn and showed a decline in winter (Ref. 42428). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 参考文献 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Novoselov, A.P., 1987 |
| 摄取食物的习惯 | variable |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Novoselov, A.P., 1987 |
| Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 从食物内容 | 3.01 | 0.18 | |||
| 从个别的食物项目 | 2.70 | 0.29 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参考文献 | Novoselov, A.P., 1987 | ||||