Main Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
---|---|
Remarks | Inhabits flowing pools and runs over sand and gravel in creeks and small to medium rivers; also in margins of lakes. Adults feed mainly on diatoms, also on filamentous algae; young feed on surface insects (Ref. 1998). Aggressive behavior (chasing and biting) observed between adults approaching within 45cm on from another, and to a lesser extend in juveniles at distances of approximately 10cm (Ref. 52680). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
---|---|
Substrate Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
---|---|
Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
---|---|
Feeding type Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
Feeding habit | grazing on aquatic plants |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 2.13 | 0.03 | Troph of adults from 5 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 2.40 | 0.21 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |