Main Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
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Remarks | Feeds on squids, sardines, anchovies, flyingfishes and small tunas (Ref. 9773). Frequently solitary or forming small loose aggregations rather than compact schools. An oceanic, epipelagic (Also Ref. 9773) species frequently solitary or forming small loose aggregations rather than compact schools. Feed on fishes and squids. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Pelagic; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | solitary; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.26 | 0.20 | Troph of juv./adults from 6 studies. | ||
From individual food items | 4.45 | 0.96 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Sabatié, R., M. Potier, C. Broudin, B. Seret, F. Ménard and F. Marsac, 2003 |