| 主要參考文獻 | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
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| 附註 | Piscivorous. Pelagic. Found as individuals or in schools (Ref. 127989). Inhabits inshore and offshore waters, frequently around islands. Epipelagic. Hunting predator. Feeds on small pelagic fish, squids, mantis shrimp, and krill (Ref. 9773). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Pelagic; |
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| Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 參考文獻 | |
|---|---|
| Associations | schooling; |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 攝取食物的類型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Sierra, L.M., R. Claro and O.A. Popova, 1994 |
| 攝取食物的習慣 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | da Silva Monteiro, V.M., 1998 |
| Estimation method | 最初的樣本 | 不捕獲族群 | 附註 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 從食物內容 | |||||
| 從個別的食物項目 | 4.22 | 0.66 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 參考文獻 | |||||