| Citation | Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra, 2011, Groupers of the world: a field and market guide.. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group. 356 p. |
| Ref. | 89707 Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra, 2011 |
| Page | 156 |
| Named Used as Valid | Epinephelus howlandi |
| Comment | Habitat: |
| Locality | |
| Distribution | Islands of the South Pacific and Micronesia from Line Islands (Palmyra, Kingsman Reef, Jarvis Island) to Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Palau and the Great Barrier Reef (Australia); offshore in the China Sea, Ryukyu and Ogasawara island groups (Japan) |
| Quote | Shallow back reefs in both well-developed and marginal coral habitats |