| Citation | Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra, 2011, Groupers of the world: a field and market guide.. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group. 356 p. |
| Ref. | 89707 Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra, 2011 |
| Page | 196 |
| Named Used as Valid | Epinephelus morio |
| Comment | Habitat: |
| Locality | |
| Distribution | Western Atlantic: North Carolina (USA) to southern Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and Bermuda; strays north to Massachusetts (USA) |
| Quote | Juveniles found on shallow seagrass beds and inshore reefs; larger juveniles in crevices and under ledged on rocky reef bottoms in depths of 5-25 m; adults migrate to deeper water (50-300 m) |