| Citation | Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra, 2011, Groupers of the world: a field and market guide.. North America: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis Group. 356 p. |
| Ref. | 89707 Craig, M.T., YJ. Sadovy de Mitcheson and P.C. Heemstra, 2011 |
| Page | 162 |
| Named Used as Valid | Epinephelus itajara |
| Comment | Habitat: |
| Locality | |
| Distribution | Western Atlantic: North Carolina (USA) to south-eastern Brazil, including the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico; eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Conggo |
| Quote | Shallow inshore waters to depths up to 100 m; juveniles and young adults with obligate tie to mangroves, bays and estuaries |