| Citation | Smith, C.L., 1997, National Audubon Society field guide to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda.. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p. |
| Ref. | 26938 Smith, C.L., 1997 |
| Page | 288-9 |
| Named Used as Valid | Dasyatis americana |
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